Sap flow characteristics and physiological adjustments of two dominant tree species in pure and mixed plantations in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China

It is essential to understand the water consumption characteristics and physiological adjustments of tree species under drought conditions, as well as the effects of pure and mixed plantations on these characteristics in semi-arid regions. In this study, the normalized sap flow (SF_n), leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (g_s), and photosynthetic rate (P_r) were monitored for two dominant species, i.e., Pinus tabuliformis and Hippophae rhamnoides, in both pure and mixed plantations in a semi-arid region of Chinese Loess Plateau. A threshold-delay model showed that the lower rainfall thresholds (R^L) for P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides in pure plantations were 9.6 and 11.0 mm, respectively, and the time lags (τ) after rainfall were 1.15 and 1.76 d for corresponding species, respectively. The results indicated that P. tabuliformis was more sensitive to rainfall pulse than H. rhamnoides. In addition, strong stomatal control allowed P. tabuliformis to experience low g_s and P_r in response to drought, while maintaining a high midday leaf water potential (Ψ_m). However, H. rhamnoides maintained high g_s and P_r at a low Ψ_m expense. Therefore, P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides can be considered as isohydric and anisohydric species, respectively. In mixed plantation, the values of R^L for P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides were 6.5 and 8.9 mm, respectively; and the values of τ were 0.86 and 1.61 d for corresponding species, respectively, which implied that mixed afforestation enhanced the rainfall pulse sensitivity for both two species, especially for P. tabuliformis. In addition, mixed afforestation significantly reduced SF_n, g_s, and P_r for P. tabuliformis (P<0.05), while maintaining a high leaf water potential status. However, no significant effect of mixed afforestation of H. rhamnoides was observed at the expense of leaf water potential status in response to drought. Although inconsistent physiological responses were adopted by these species, the altered water consumption characteristics, especially for P. tabuliformis indicated that the mixed afforestation requires further investigation.     

沙棘属植物资源概况及其培育技术研究进展

沙棘属植物具有很强的抗逆性和生态适应性,被广泛地应用到水土保持和生态建设事业中。在此分析了沙棘属植物资源现状,总结了我国近年来沙棘属植物的良种引进、繁殖和栽培技术等方面的研究进展,指出了沙棘属植物资源调查和培育实践中需要重点解决的问题,为今后我国沙棘属植物研究提供方向。     

中国沙棘种群克隆生长的时空动态特征

中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamniodes)能通过分株的出生与死亡来调节种群的数量和结构,其极强的克隆繁殖能力在维持种群稳定性方面起了积极的作用。文章根据多年来的研究成果,分析了中国沙棘在结构动态、数量动态、生物量动态、生长格局动态等空间动态及时间动态特征,以其为沙棘的开发利用提供参考。     

油菜素内酯对沙棘抗旱生理的影响

采用盆栽控水、根系浸蘸和叶面喷施不同浓度油菜素内酯(BRS)的方法,对黄土丘陵区主要造林树种沙棘苗重要保护酶活性、重要渗透调节物质以及质膜稳定性进行了测定和分析.结果表明:沙棘苗经BRS0.1～0.4 mg/L处理后,SOD和CAT活性在轻度干旱(土壤含水量12%～13%)和重度干旱(土壤含水量7%～8%)下,虽较清水对照升高,但无显著差异;在轻度干旱下,POD活性0.3 mg/L处理显著高于对照,类胡萝卜素含量0.1～0.3 mg/L处理较对照极显著增加;在轻度和重度干旱下,脯氨酸含量较对照增加不显著,可溶性糖含量0.3和0.4 mg/L处理显著高于对照,质膜相对透性,较对照显著降低,丙二醛含量在轻度干旱下,较对照显著降低,重度干旱下降低不显著.综合以上结果:BRS处理提高了沙棘苗的抗旱性.     

匀浆法提取沙棘果中总黄酮的工艺研究

为了建立一种高效提取沙棘果中总黄酮的方法,对匀浆法提取沙棘果中总黄酮的工艺进行了研究,确定了最佳的工艺参数:提取原料为含水率85%的沙棘果,溶剂为85%的乙醇,匀浆时间10 m in,液固比为5∶1(mL∶g)。将该法与常规的回流提取法进行了比较。结果表明,在优化的条件下,匀浆法对沙棘果总黄酮的提取率为0.76%,与回流提取相当。匀浆提取法所用提取时间短,提取溶剂用量少,该法是一种高效、快速提取沙棘果总黄酮的方法。     

沙棘全光照喷雾嫩枝扦插育苗试验研究

生长季节,利用全光照喷雾育苗装置,在塑料容器中装入河沙∶锯末∶田土=5∶2∶3的混合基质,将插穗用质量分数为1.0×10-4的ABT3号生根粉溶液浸根1h或质量分数为5.0×10-5的溶液浸根2h后扦插,扦插深度6～8cm,能有效地提高沙棘嫩枝扦插苗生根率及成活率。     

中国沙棘果实中维生素C含量及其变化规律的研究*

中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.subsp.sinensis Rousi)是鼠李沙棘的一个亚种。主要产于我国山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、四川、河北、辽宁8省和宁夏、内蒙两个自治区。中国沙棘是我国重要的资源植物。 从本世纪20年代初就开始了对沙棘的研究。随着沙棘新用途的发现和综合利用工业的发展,沙棘的化学成分研究也越来越受到重视,苏联学者在这方面进行了大量的工作。我国近几年来对沙棘的研究也相当活跃。本文重点报道几个地区的中国沙棘维生素C含量及其变化规律,为采摘期和合理开发利用提供参数,同时也为加速沙棘优良品种的人工选育提供依据。     

Genetic diversity of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) populations in northeastern and northwestern China as revealed by ISSR markers

As a N₂-fixing tree species, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is well adapted to arid regions and is utilized for multiple purposes in China. Current knowledge of genetic variability of H. rhamnoides is limited in terms of rangewide distributions. Eleven natural populations of sea buckthorn in northeastern and northwestern China were analyzed to detect genetic variation among and within populations, by use of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) markers. Using eight primers, 207 polymorphic loci were observed, ranging in size from 250 to 2500 bp. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.0679) showed that the total molecular variance of 11 populations was mainly existed within populations. The genetic variation within and among the 11 populations was 93.21 and 6.79%, respectively. No significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances of the populations was found using ISSR markers. Our study provides a population-level genetic profile for further investigation and conservation of genetic diversity of sea buckthorn.     

厚朴矮林经营技术的初步研究

厚朴伐桩有很强的萌蘖能力，在生长季节采伐也能得到满意的萌芽更新效果，每个伐桩可萌发1－7个萌芽条，7年生厚朴矮林的树干与树枝鲜重达60.2t.hm^-2，平均净生产量为8.6t.hm^-2.a^-1，表明厚朴完全适宜矮林经营，伐桩高度对萌芽条数量，矮林生长影响不大；伐桩萌芽条数量越多，矮林生长越好。